思维定势（Thinking Set）是由先前的活动而造成的一种对活动的特殊的心理准备状态或活动的倾向性。在环境不变的条件下，定势使人能够应用已掌握的方法迅速解决问题。而在情境发生变化时，它则会妨碍人采用新的方法。在学习的过程中，学生的性格、思维方式也往往会留着施教者的烙印。作为老师，要打破思维定势，广开解题思路，并以此训练学生，久而久之，学生的分析能力、应变能力和创新能力自然会上一个台阶。下面点评一个案例：
A lonely and sad pug（哈巴狗） was photographed as he waited for his owner by the side of the road has been considered as the world’s saddest dog. Pictures of the pet taken by a passer-by have become an internet foucus after being posted on the photo-sharing website Flickr.
The dog which is nicknamed Mr Newman looks terribly upset as he sits on the pavement tied to a lamp-post with a rope.
The photograph was taken outside a café in the Californian city of San Francisco， which may go some way to explaining why he is dressed in a stylish grey and purple sweater.
“He was hanging around looking for somebody to love him. I tried to cheer him up——he seemed happy to see me，” said the photographer Chris Michael.
One of the four photos of the pug on Flickr is titled “Tough day for Mr Newman” and with some other words as follows： “Despite his cool clothes， the girls just aren’t interested in him any more.”
Dozens of people on the site said they had been touched by the dog’s pitiful expressions gaze. “I come back to see this photo every now and then because it’s too cute， so does my daughter. In fact， my family all are touched，” wrote one of the pedestrians who had seen the photo. Another viewer said that she had been moved as to buy a pug of her own after seeing the photos.
Mr Newman may have won the hearts of internet users but he is unlikely to be more famous than a cat competitor Keyboard Cat， the musical pet who has become a star on YouTube.
1. The little pug waited by the road probably because .
A. it was abandoned by its owner B. it was left behind by his owner
C. it was trapped by a passer-by D. it couldn’t find the way home
2. The writer used the underlined sentence from the website to .
A. add some humor to the passage B. describe the pug’s loveliness
C. help the god owner recognize it D. inform girls to adopt the dog
读完这篇文章，学生就基于以往的生活经验，形成了这样一个想法：哈巴狗被主人遗弃，等待路人来领养。只凭着经验和感觉去做题很容易误导我们，尤其对于阅读理解更是如此。阅读理解解题技巧之一就是严格遵循作者陈述的意思，禁止把自己的想法强加于文章。现在我们来分析本文，理解作者想要表达的意思。文章第二段的定从“which is nicknamed Mr. Newman”（绰号为Newman先生）表示出作者诙谐幽默的文风。第三段“The photograph was taken outside a cafe in Californian city of San Francisco”更能解释出小狗的主人是在咖啡店里喝咖啡时将小狗暂时留在外面。第四段“He was hanging around looking for somebody to love him”说明小狗因寂寞而四处走动想寻找路人的关爱。尤其是第五段“Tough day for Mr. Newman”（Newman先生艰难的一天）表明作者的幽默之意。因此，我们可以理解画线句子的意思：尽管哈巴狗衣着很酷，但女孩们还是对它不感兴趣。这句话是为了更突出哈巴狗的困境，使文章更具幽默之意。经过分析我们就可改变一贯的想法，错误地认为此文是呼吁人们给予小狗关爱，领养小狗。此文只是作者对一只在咖啡店外等候主人的哈巴狗的描述。它在等待主人时的无聊寂寞之情，无耐之中四处寻找别人的宠爱，但无人理会。因此作者戏称它为“全世界最忧伤的狗”。对文意的正确理解对解题是很有帮助的，如第一题学生倾向于A“被它的主人遗弃”，通过分析文章，理顺思路之后，就会明白选择答案B的原因了。第二题学生选择B和D，从以上分析不难看出画线句子是突出哈巴狗的困境，使文章更具幽默感，所以选择A。
那么，我们再联想2011课标卷.全国I的完形填空。文章提到一位女性，年轻时，由于她的老师运用了不当的教学方法，使她对科学失去了兴趣，通过这件事，警示我们教育的意义重大。而我们从小到大所受的教育给我们一种潜意识：第一节课，老师带领学生感知这一学科，畅游知识的海洋，使学生对学科产生兴趣，帮助学生今后的学习。就因为这种思维定势，使众多考生虽能读懂文章，却迟迟不敢大胆下手选择。因此错误率极高，并且浪费时间，影响做后面阅读理解题时的心情。
学生在解题时应该思路开阔，善于从全方位思考，思路若遇难题受阻，不拘泥于一种模式，能灵活变换某种因素，从新角度去思考，调整思路，从一个思路到另一个思路，从一个意境到另一个意境，善于巧妙地转变思维方向，随机应变，产生适合时宜的办法。