教你如何轻松应对完形填空 如何应对英语完形填空

  摘 要: 完形填空在高考试题中占有很大的比例, 因此做好完形填空在高考英语中起着举足轻重的作用。完形填空主要考查实词,即动词、名词、形容词、副词的辨析,及习惯搭配、惯用法,并对复杂句式结构的分析,运用上下文语境、语篇知识和生活常识理解文章的能力。本文将作详细介绍。
  关键词: 完形填空 高考 考点统计 命题规律分析 考点聚焦
  
  一、2009高考考点统计
  二、命题规律分析
  高考英语完形填空由20个小题组成,短文一般在200―250个词之间,考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况。其中包括词语辨析能力、语篇理解能力、逻辑思维和推理判断能力等。这种题型不仅要求考生具有扎实的基础知识,而且要求考生具备独立分析、对比取舍和灵活处理问题的能力。
  三、高考考点聚焦
  根据高考考点聚焦,我主要针对记叙文、夹叙夹议的文体,提出以下完形填空的应对策略。
  应对策略一:重视文章首句,确立文章的主题。
  完形填空的第一句往往是全文的关键句,所以不设空,通过它,考生可以了解全文的概略和作者的立意。因此,读懂首句可以帮助考生建立正确的思维导向,对理解全文、贯穿整个脉络信息起着重要作用。
  2009全国卷I
  It was always thought that Treasure Island was the product of Robert Louis Stevenson’s imagination.36,recent research has found the true story of this exciting work.
  这段的节选通过首句就能告知我们一些文章的大体信息。
  应对策略二:根据上下文语境,进行合理推测。
  I wasto help,after all,I’ve been blind since infancy(婴儿期)and out of work for years...“Good night,Nan” I said.I take my stick and head out the door.“See you tomorrow”,Nan called behind me.I locked the door and 32 my way home.
  32. A.movedB.pushedC.woundD.felt
  根据“I’ve been blind since infancy(婴儿期)and out of work for years.”我们能够推断出答案是D。
  I went as soon as I could to Debbie’s.I got to the front door.I could 37 a heavy,thick smoke.
  37. A.seeB.feelC.tasteD.smell
  通过上句判断作者只能是smell the smoke。
  所以同学们在做题的时候一定要联系语境。
  策略三:充分利用文章中出现的提示词,轻松准确地敲定选项。
  When the jar was filled,Dad would sit at the kitchen table,4 the coins,then take them to the bank,and put the rolled coins on the counter,saying...
  4. A.pileB.cleanC.rollD.pack
  在做这道题的时候很多学生选定的是D,因为根据意思我们感觉是包上,但是没有看到提示词rolled。
  The little boy reached in his pocket and pulled out some 6 “I have $2.37,” he said.Can I please look at them?
  6. A.coinB.noteC.valueD.change
  这道题很多学生选的是A,感觉2.37是硬币,而没有看到some这个词,如果选A,B的话,是应该变复数的。所以应该选D。零钱是不可数名词。
  2009唐山摸底考试
  One morning I had to have some medical tests.The medical 30 was located in abuilding at the opposite end of the hospital,so I had to be wheeled across the yard.
  30. A.testB.classC.equipmentD.treatment
  这道题很多学生选的是A,因为看到了提示词test,所以很自然地没有考虑就选了A。但是根据动词短语“was located in”,只能说是equipment位于某个地点。
  策略四:做题过程一定仔细认真,不放过每个细节。
  Today that agency,Helen Keller International,is one of the biggest organizations 40 with blind people overseas.
  40. A.assistingB.workingC.helpingD.supported
  这道题很多学生通过汉语翻译选择C,但是没有注意到细节的地方with,因为有with所以决定这道题选的动词为不及物动词,答案为B。
  In the 2004 Olympic Games,she amazingly 34 a new world record,just three weeks after her daughters was born.
  34. A.brokeB.setC.keptD.made
  这道题很多学生选的是A,答案是B。这是因为学生没有关注提示词new,因为这个提示词所以是创了新纪录。
  (2009唐山摸底考试)
  One morning I had to have some medicine tests.The medical equipment was located in a building at the 31 end of the hospital,so I had to be wheeled across the yard.As I entered the yard,the sunlight hit me.
  31. A.nextB.nearbyC.middleD.opposite
  对于这道题,如果我们看到了关键的细节词across,我们就很自然地选D。
  策略五:固定短语、语法知识一定要记牢。
  In the Sydeney Olympic Games alone,Dara won two golds and two silvers,after 32 Dara decided to retire and start a new career.
  32. A.whichB.thisC.thatD.what
  这道题纯粹考查学生的语法知识,考查学生对非限制性定语从句的掌握。当时很多学生根据意思选择C。
本文为全文原貌 未安装PDF浏览器用户请先下载安装 原版全文   39 swimming,Dara is famous a TV commentator(评议员) and a print model.She is the first athlete to broadcast in the sports program in 1994.
  39. A.Except forB.ExceptC.But forD.Apart from
  如果根据意思选择的话,很多学生选择B,而再往详细看的话,表达的含义应该是Dara 除了游泳之外还干了其它的事情,所以这个“除了”是包括在范围之内的。Apart from包括besides和except两层含义,所以应该选D。学生们如果不知道这层含义这个答案是选不对的。
  策略六:相近动词要牢记。
  He responded that it all came from an experience with his mother when he was young.He tried to 4 a bottle of milk from the fridge when he lost his firm hold on the slippery bottle spilling(洒出)the milk all over the kitchen floor!
  4. A.putB.openC.catchD.remove
  这道题很多学生选的是C,这是因为他们没有体会到这些动词的深层次的含义,而且有个关键词from,所以从他的动作应该体会出位置的移动,所以应该是D。
  The American government 15 to find out more about these objects.It listened to a great many people who said they had seen them.But the government Committee could not decide on what the objects were.
  15. A.managedB.succeededC.triedD.persuaded
  如果我们不能很好地区别这几个动词的深层次的含义的话,就不能选出答案,还有就是这些词的接法,而且本题中有提示句“But the government Committee could not decide on what the objects were.”所以我们答案是C。
  完形填空是能力的提升,希望学生们在掌握基本技巧的基础上,还必须增加阅读量、实践量,不断总结经验,培养语感掌握技巧,提高做题的准确性。
  
  参考文献:
  [1]黄远振.新课程标准的教与学[M].福建教育出版社,2003.
  [2]武尊民.英语测试的理论与实践[M].外语教学与研究出版社,2002.
  [3]任志鸿.十年高考分类解析与应试策略[M].南方出版社,2004.
  [4]教育部基础教育司.英语课程标准解读[M].北京师范大学出版社,2002.
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