语文单项选择10题试题【由英语高考“单项选择”中的雷同试题引发的思考】

  摘 要: 近几年,随着全国各地自主命题省份的增加,不同地区的试卷中出现了雷同试题。本文列举并分析了“单项选择”中不同语法项目下的具体雷同实例,在对这一现象进行思考的同时也得到了一些启示。
  关键词: 高考英语试题 单项选择 雷同试题 思考与启示
  
  近年来,由于高考单独命题省份的增加(2010年全国共有19套试卷),高考试卷“单项选择”题型中出现了很多考点近乎相同甚至题干也几近相同的试题。以致对历届高考试题并不陌生的高三学生一看到这类题就感到似乎做过,甚至感到有些就是原题。笔者对过去五年来全国各地高考试卷中出现的雷同试题进行了收集和整理,在分析的基础上,提出了一点自己的看法。
  [实例集1:非谓语动词――seated]
  例1:(NMET 2007山东,26)
  Please remainuntil the plane has come to a complete stop.
  A.to seat B.to be seated C.sitting D.seated
  例2:(NMET 2008辽宁,31)
  Please remain ;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
  A.seating B.seated C.to seat D.to be seated
  例3:(NMET 2009四川,4)
  Ladies and gentlemen,please remainuntil the plane has come to a complete stop.
  A.seated B.seating C.to seat D.seat
  [分析]
  以上三个例题的答案分别为DBA,即都要选择seated。并且均考查到remain seated这一系表结构,尤其例1和例3,其考点和题干可谓完全相同。
  [思考与启示]
  seat一词的确重要,兼具名词和及物动词词性,为英语书面语和英语口语中最常用的1000和2000个单词之一。seated为形容词,系表结构remain seated构成的词块常见于诸多场景(如剧院、机场、巴士及考场等),生活气息浓厚。遗憾之处在于试题中的语境近乎相同,且都选考remain seated这一结构,给人雷同之感,并且对于熟悉历届高考试题的高三学生来说,不需多加思索就能得到正确答案,但毋容置疑,试题考查的实效性在一定程度上受到了影响,其区分度也大打折扣。
  [实例集2:定语从句――point]
  例4:(NMET 2006海南・宁夏・山东,26)
  We’re just trying to reach a pointboth sides will sit down together and talk.
  A.where B.that C.when D.which
  例5:(NMET 2007江西,32)
  After graduation she reached a point in her careershe heeded to decision what to do.
  A.that B.what C.which D.where
  例6:(NMET 2009浙江,14)
  I have reached a point in my lifeI am supposed to make decisions of my own.
  A.which B.where C.how D.why
  [分析]
  例4至例6的答案分别为ADB。三题都考查到point用作抽象(模糊)地点,理解为“(发展的)阶段”或“程度、地步”。三个句子无一例外地用到了“reach a point where...”结构。
  [思考与启示]
  point是一个高频单词,在英语书面语和英语口语中都是最常用的1000个单词之一。从上面三个例题来看,尽管题干各异,但是“reach a point where...”这一词块却是完全相同的,给人以如出一辙之感,因此在一定程度上影响了试题的考查效果。当然,从“地点的模糊化”这一层面来看,让考生掌握一些常见的表达“模糊地点”的词还是很有必要的,如case,condition,situation,stage,position等。
  [实例集3:定语从句――after which]
  例7:(NMET 2005山东,30)
  He was educated at a local grammar school, he went on to cambridge.
  A.from which B.after that C.after which D.from this
  例8:(NMET 2007江苏,33)
  He was educated at the local high school, he went on to Beijing University.
  A.after which B.after that C.in which D.in that
  例9:(NMET 2007辽宁,24)
  Eric received training in computer for one year, he found a job in a big company.
  A.after that B.after which C.after it D.after this
  [分析]
  例7至例9分别选择CAB,全部考查“介词+which/whom”的结构引导非限制性定语从句。当介词放在关系代词之前时,关系代词只能用which(指人)或whom(指物),且关系代词不能省略。
  [思考与启示]
  定语从句一直是高考的考查热点。主要考查关系代词和关系副词的使用;非限制性定语从句(尤其是先行词指代整个句子)更是考查的重点。例7和例8题干结构基本相同,且考点完全一致,显而易见两题雷同。
  [实例集4:状语从句――as long as]
  例10:(NMET 2008安徽,31)
  ―Do you have a minute?I’ve got something to tell you.
  ―OK, you make it easy.
  A.now that B.if only C.so long as D.every time
  例11:(NMET 2008全国1,31)
  ―Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
  ―I don’t mind where we getthere’s sun,sea and beach.
  A.as if B.as long as C.now that D.in order that
  例12:(NMET 2009北京,22)
  You may use the room as you likeyou clean it up afterwards.
  A.so far as B.so long as C.in case D.even if
  例13:(NMET 2009陕西,13)
本文为全文原貌 未安装PDF浏览器用户请先下载安装 原版全文   My parents don’t mind what job I doI am happy.
  A.even though B.as soon as C.as long as D.as though
  [分析]
  long在英语书面语和英语口语中都是最常用的1000个单词之一。例10―例13全部涉及从属连词so/as long as(只要)。
  [思考与启示]
  从近些年的高考对状语从句中的考查可以看出,连接词的选用为测试的重点,能否把握分句间的逻辑关系是作出正确选择的关键。在解答此类题时,考生应首先具备全面的状语从句知识,熟悉每个连词的语义和语用特征。例10―例13在考查as/so long as的同时也在告知even if/though,as if/though,as/so far as,now that等常常用作干扰项。
  [实例集5:名词性从句――whoever]
  例14:(NMET 2009海南・宁夏・全国1,24)
  Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales please?
  A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever
  例15:(NMET 2009陕西,17)
  The bow-to book can be of help towants to do the job.
  A.who B.whomever C.no matter who D.whoever
  [分析]
  例14、15考查到whoever引导介词to和for的宾语从句,且在句中都担当主语充分,因此要用代词的主格形式。一些考生在做题时,会误认为所填词为介词的直接宾语而误选其宾格形式whomever。
  [思考与启示]
  从近年来高考对名词性从句的考查中可以看出,针对宾语从句的考题占其中的重大比例。如2009年,其比例达到约60%,2010年的比例则为约65%。因此,关于宾语从句的备考应放在名词性从句专题的首位。同时,在阅读时要对复合句倍加关注,将学习到的名词性从句的基本知识应用到对复合句的分析中,逐步培养复合句的语感,做到在较短的时间内分析、理解复杂句子。
  [实例集6:时态语态――is/are being done]
  例16:(NMET 2009湖南,27)
  Would you please keep silent?The weather reportand I want to listen.
  A.is broadcast B.is being broadcast
  C.has been broadcast D.had been broadcast
  例17:(NMET 2010天津,10)
  Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cuttingat the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
  A.are exhibitingB.is exhibiting
  C.are being exhibitedD.is being exhibited
  例18:(NMET 2010上海,31)
  The church tower whichwill be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.
  A.has restoredB.has been restored
  C.is restoringD.is being restored
  [分析]
  以上各题均考查到现在进行时被动语态,其具体形式为is/are being done。
  [思考与启示]
  近年来,对动词时态和语态考查的一大特点是巧设语境,在具体情景中考查动词的时态和语态。题目更灵活,对考生的要求更高。在平常的学习中,考生应当树立语境意识,准确理解各种常用时态的基本特征和内在联系及区别,不断总结经验,提高应变能力。
  [走进高考]
  代词――that
  (NMET 1999,17)
  1.Few pleasure can equalof a cool drink on a hot day.
  A.some B.any C.that D.those
  (NMET 2007四川,32)
  2.Little joy can equalof a surprising ending when you read stories.
  A.that B.those C.any D.some
  to do作目的状语
  3.(NMET 2008 北京31)
  ―Did the book give the information you needed?
  ―Yes.Butit,I had to read the entire book.
  A.to find B.find C.to be finding D.finding
  4.(NMET 2008湖南30)
   the project as planned,we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
  A.Completing B.Complete C.CompletedD.To complete
  介词beyond
  5.(NMET 2008江苏 28)
  ―Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?
  ―Because the old one has been damaged .
  A.beyond reach B.beyond repair
  C.beyond control D.beyond description
  6.(NMET 2009全国Ⅰ 34)
  Everybody was touchedwords after they heard her moving story.
  A.beyond B.without C.of D.in
  词块cover expenses
  7.(NMET 2007天津12)
  One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living .
  A.bills B.expenses C.prices D.charges
  8.(NMET 2009山东26)
  ―Do you have enough to all your daily expenses?
  ―Oh yes,enough and to spare.
  A.cover B.spend C.fill D.offer
  短语in turn
  9.(NMET 2006山东35)
  A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics,whichwill promote its economic development.
  A.in nature B.in return C.in turn D.in fact
  10.(NMET 2007湖北26)
  People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,and thiscreates further problems.
  A.in short B.in case C.in doubt D.in turn
  【Keys】1―5CBADB6―10 ABACD
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