生物质炭及与有机肥配施对桂香22号茶树生长、氮素吸收及品质的影响
摘 要 為研究茶园施用生物质炭及与有机肥配施对桂香22号茶树生长、氮素吸收及品质的影响，从而为在茶叶生产中合理利用生物质炭提供技术依据。本试验通过在茶园基肥中设置不施肥、施用普通复合肥、施用普通尿素、施用普通尿素+生物质炭、施用普通尿素+花生麸和施用普通尿素+花生麸+生物质炭等不同处理，在全年茶季调查研究茶树树体的生长、产量及氮素吸收数量变化及对制茶品质的影响。结果表明：在春茶期各处理对茶树树体生长影响变化不大，从夏茶期到秋茶期添加了生物质和有机肥的处理茶树生长状况逐渐好于对照和纯化肥处理；在全年各茶季，添加了生物质炭和有机肥处理一定程度提高了新梢发芽密度进而提高了茶叶产量，与单施尿素相比，添加生物质炭及与有机肥配施的处理分别提高茶叶产量28.6%和85.1%，提高茶青氮素吸收89.9%和32.4%，生物质炭和有机肥配施处理的茶叶所制作绿茶汤色黄绿、滋味醇厚，品质明显提高。茶园中施用生物质炭能改善茶树生长环境，促进发芽和茶叶生长及提升品质，尤其以生物质炭和有机肥配施效果最好；生物质炭作为一种新兴的优质资源对于实现茶园化肥投入减量和茶树轻简栽培具有良好的应用前景。
关键词 生物质炭 ；土壤氮素 ；茶叶 ；养分利用 ；化肥减量
中图分类号 S571.1 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2018.06.005
Effects of Biochar and Its Combination with Organic Manures on the Growth，
Nitrogen Absorption and Quality of Tea Guixiang 22
WANG Lei LIU Qiufeng SU Min BAI Xianli
（Guangxi Guilin Tea Research Institute， Guilin， Guangxi 541004）
Abstract In order to study the effects of application of biochar and its combination with organic manures on the growth， nitrogen absorption and quality of tea Guixiang 22 plantation， this study provided the technical basis for the rational utilization of biochar in tea production. Tea garden was applied with basal fertilizer， and 6 treatments were arranged： no fertilizer； compound fertilizer； urea； urea + biochar； urea + peanut press cake； urea + peanut press cake + biochar. The tea plants treated in the tea garden were observed in all the tea seasons of a year to analyze the effects of all the fertilizer treatments on tea growth， yield and quantity of nitrogen absorption as well as the tea quality. The results showed that all the treatments did not have any obvious effects on the growth of tea trees during the spring tea period. The tea trees treated with basal fertilizer at presence of biochar or organic manures grew better than those of the control and of the treatment with only chemical fertilizer from the summer tea period to the autumn tea period. In each tea-season period， treatment at presence of biochar or organic manure increased the budding density and the yield of tea. Compared with the single application of urea， the addition of biochar and its combination with organic manures increased the yield of tea by 28.6% and 85.1%， and nitrogen absorption of tea leaves by 89.9% and 32.4%， respectively. The green tea made from tea treated with biochar and its combination with organic manures had yellow-green color and mellow taste with high quality. Biochar applied in the tea plantation could improve the growth environment， bud density and the quality of tea， especially in combination with organic manures， which combination was the best. As a new high-quality resource， biochar has a good prospect for reducing the input of chemical fertilizer and for simplifying the tea cultivation.