日本国际私法学说演进历程探寻


  摘 要: 认真梳理国际私法学界理论研究可知,国内学者对英、美、德、荷等国的比较研究较多,对近邻日本的相关研究却并不多,尤其是对日本国际私法学说演进历程的梳理更为少见。从历史维度审视日本国际私法发展历程,可以将日本国际私法学说的萌生和发展历程划分为两个大的阶段:一是兴起阶段的萌芽前期和萌芽后期,二是快速发展阶段的昭和时期和平成时期。在第一个阶段,日本国际私法研究的目标是以业已制定好的《法例》为中心,力图建立一个适合日本国的国际私法体系,在研究方法上,都是由抽象性原则出发通过演绎性方法来对原理性问题进行研究,重视借鉴大陆法系国际私法理论研究和学说观点以为己用。在后一个阶段,逐渐重视以国内外判例为依据,进行经验主义的归纳性研究,积极采用比较研究方法,促进完善日本国际私法理论与立法。
  中图分类号: D997
  文献标志码: A文章编号: 1009-4474(2018)02-0133-09
  关键词: 国际私法;国际法;日本;法学教育;明治维新;意思自治;大陆法系;比较法学
  Key words: international private law; international law; Japan; legal education; Meiji Restoration; autonomy of will; civil law system; comparative jurisprudence
  Abstract: In the course of studying the developed countries of the western countries, China also includes the study and reference of its Private International Law. However, it can be seen from the theoretical study of private international law that domestic scholars have more research on the countries such as Britain , America , Germany and the Netherlands , but there are not many related researches in Japan, especially the evolution of Japanese Private Law theory combing is more rare. Examining the development of International Private Law in Japan, it is necessary to comb history of different theories, especially the initiation and the development of Japan’s International Private Law from the perspective of academic history, which is weak in the study of the academic world. The initiation and the development of Japan’s International Private Law can be divided into two major stages from the historical dimension: First, the rise of the early stage of the bud and the late budding.Second, the rapid development of the period of the Showa era and peace period. In the first stage, the goal of the study of Japanese Private International Law was to build a system of Private International Law suitable for Japan by focusing on the already enacted “Horei ”.In terms of research methods, based on abstract principles, it uses deductive method to study the principle of the problem, attaching importance to drawing lessons from the Private International Law theory of continental law for reference.In the latter stage, we gradually pay attention to the empirical research based on the domestic and foreign jurisprudence,and adopt the comparative research method positively to promote the perfection of Japanese Private International Law theory and legislation.
  經济全球化浪潮席卷全球,各国对外贸易逐渐增多、国际交流日益频繁,与此相伴的是国际私法学科的大力发展和逐渐强大。深入考察我国已有的国际私法制度规定和实践运用,与西方法治发达国家相比,仍然存在一些问题,需要进一步予以解决并力推相关法律制度建构和完善。在此过程中,有必要向西方发达法治国家开展学习和比较,以为镜鉴和参照。然而,认真梳理我国国际私法理论研究成果可以发现,学界对国外国际私法理论学说和法律制度的研究,主要集中于英国、美国、德国、荷兰、澳大利亚等国。就我们目力所及,国内国际私法学界对地理上处于近邻的一衣带水之邻邦——日本相关领域问题的关注和研究并不多见,远不能与上述国家相提并论,这其中尤为少见且非常重要的就是对日本国际私法学说演进历程的梳理和研究。在一定意义上而言,国际私法实际上就是学说法。有鉴于此,我们拟从历史维度出发,对日本国际私法学说演进历程开展相关研究,希冀通过本文的梳理更为清晰地了解日本国际私法的发展脉络和历史进程,从而进一步夯实日本国际私法学说史这一领域的研究内容和研究素材,以期为日后的相关学术研究提供史料基础和参考路径。

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