成考英语阅读理解短文题材涉及日常生活、科技常识、人物传记等；体裁有记叙文、说明文、应用文等。为了提高学生的英语阅读水平，我作了如下总结：� 一、解题步骤
（1）掠读全文。特别注意首尾段、首尾句。�
（2）解读题目。定位关键词所在部位。�
（3）重叠选项（对照原文），选出答案。�
二、阅读方法
（1）掠读。快速浏览全文，抓住文章的话题，归纳主旨大意。�
（2）跳读。根据题目的要求，对文章有关细节再进行“扫描”，然后对问题作出判断。（适用于细节题）�
（3） 细读。逐字逐句地精读有关语段，让“隐含”的意思露出“庐山真面目”。（适用于选标题、隐含性推理）�
三、阅读理解常见题型及解题技巧
1�细节题 �
该题型针对某个特定细节而提出，难度较小，通过短文一般能直接找出答案。解题方法：�
（1）掠读全文，领悟大意。特别要注意以下几方面：①六个W(Who，Where，When，What,Which,Why)，一个H(How)以及其他特殊之处，比如转折词处;②数字，日期，时间等;③标点符号――比如破折号，括号，省略号，同位语等;④表示附加说明的词，比如by the way，besides，what’s more，in addition to，including to，as well as，except等；⑤倒装句及加强语气的词，比如above all，mainly，mostly，certainly，indeed，in fact等。�
(2)使用排除法去掉不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。�
Practice time:�
I go to the barber every three weeks�I don’t like very short hair，so my barber doesn’t cut much�I have known him for almost four years，and when I go to him，we always talk a lot�He tells me all his news and I tell him mine�He meets a lot of interesting people in his shop and he talks to most of them，so he always has a lot of news for me��
Every year my barber goes to France for two weeks for his holidays，and when he comes back to England，he has a lot of interesting news�While he is cutting my hair，he tells me about beautiful old cities and quiet little villages，strange food and drinks and many other things�I sit there and listen to the old man with open ears�One minute，my barber’s chair is a seat in a French train，and the next minute it becomes a chair in a restaurant in Praise��
Although my barber is old，he always tries new things�He never says，“I have never eaten this food before，so I am not going to eat it now�” He says instead，“Try everything once”��
Choose the best answer：�
（ ）1�How long has the author known the barber?�
A�Five years�
B�Almost four years�
C�Almost six years�
D�Ten years �
（ ）2�Where does the barber go for his holiday every year?�
A�England B�American �
C�GermanyD�France�
（ ）3�Why does the barber never say，“I have never eaten this food before，so I am not going to eat it now”?�
A�Because he is too old to eat it��
B�Because he likes to eat��
C�Because he wants to eat��
D�Because he always tries new things��
2�词句理解题�
要求正确理解短文中一些关键词、短语或句子的含义。解题方法：�
(1)根据构词法来辨别词义。（如前后缀、转化法、合成法）�
（2）利用上下文来分析生词的含义。�
常见设问形式：�
1�The underlined word“ ” in the…paragraph refers to/means/stands for ��
2�The expression/phrase“ ”means ��
3�The word“ ”is closest in meaning to ��
Practice 1：�
I go to the barber every three weeks�I don’t like very short hair，so my barber doesn’t cut much��
( ) what does the word “barber” mean?�
A�花匠B�学徒�
C�清洁工D�理发师�
提示：通过上下文，根据生活经验、生活常识来推理。�
Practice 2：�
A century is a hundred years��
（ ） What does the word “century” mean?�
A�世纪；百年B�一打�
C�一群�
提示：定义或解释说明。信号词：be，be called，means，be defined as等。�
Practice 3：�
Because the little girl was the only child in the family，she was the apple of her parents’ eye��
（ ）What does the word“apple”mean?�
A�苹果 B�掌上明珠 �
提示：根据上下文中的因果关系。信号词: because，since，as，for，due to，so，therefore，so…that，such…that，thus等。�
Practice 4：�
He had been getting better，but during the night his condition（情况）deteriorated��
（ ）What does the word“deteriorated”mean?�
A�好转 B�恶化 C�正常�
提示： 通过表示转折的词猜词义。信号词: but，however，yet，otherwise，while ，though等。�
3�推理判断题�
在掌握全文提供的信息的基础上，推断作者的意图、人物的动机、目的、性格特征、事情的前因后果、语气等。解题方法：�
（1）利用已知信息，进行逻辑推理。�
（2）结合一般常识，分析提供信息。�
（3）注意表层意思，悟出深层含义。�
典型的常用词汇：infer， imply ， suggest和conclude；表示推测的情态动词：can，could，would，might 等；表示可能性的副词：probably，most likely等。常用设问形式：�
1�It can be inferred from the text that ��
2�From the text we know that ��
3�The story implies that ��
4�The passage /story /author /paragraph implies，but does not directly state that ��
5�The Writer’s attitude toward…is ��
Practice time:�
One day，a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）�”�
“What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised��
“Well，” replied the man，“I’m moving out of my apartment（公寓） and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it�”�
（ ）The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment（公寓）， it was ��
A�very clean�
B�just cleaned by the landlord�
C�tidy and comfortable�
D�dirty and full of insects�
4�主旨大意题�
这类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力。比如要求学生确定文章的标题或归纳文章大意。一般不容易在文中直接找到答案。技巧：排除细节或论据，找到各段的主题句。解题方法：�
（1）确定主题句。如：“for example” “first” “second”等之前的句子中或者 “all in all” “above all” 等之后的句子后。�
（2）文章提及最多的就是文章的主旨大意。主题句的特征为：①它表达的意思比较概括;②一般结构简单；③段落中其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑主题句的。�
例如,主题句在段首，其后句子是论证性细节。�
For example:�
People have different tastes in food�Some feel that they haven"t eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat�Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal�Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti，eggplant，and fresh fruit�Others could live on what were called fast――foods: a hamburger or hot dog，French fries and a soft drink��
又如，主题句在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,最后得出结论,即段落的主题。�
For example:�
Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do�Others prefer to be left to work on their own�Still others like a democratic discussion type of class�No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time��
再如，主题句在短文中间。前面只提出问题，文中的主题由其后陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，然后再作进一步的解释，支持或发展。�
For example:�
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat�Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark�In fact，the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations�Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand�A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out��
常见设问形式：�
1�What is the topic of the text? �
2�The text is mainly about ��
3�Which would be the best title for the text?�
Practice time:�
You dream each night，even though you may not remember your dreams�While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster�Even your brain-wave pattern changes�Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health�They claim that without dream，people would go crazy��
( ) What does the passage mainly tells?�
A�How people stay healthy�
B�How sleep is necessary�
C�Why dreams are important�
D�When people remember their dreams�
四、注意点
1�掠读�
重点读首尾段及其他各段首尾句。�
2�设题顺序�
出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。（除推理判断题、主旨大意题） �
3�定位原则�
(1)从题目出发，使用其中的关键词。（大写字母、地名、时间、数字等）�
(2)重叠选项，得出答案（重叠原文=对照原文）�
【友情提醒】在掠读、跳读、细读及解题时用铅笔将关键词、主题句、重要句划上横线；答案出处也要划上横线，便于检查。