不同农药联用对松材线虫的作用研究
覃贵勇，许 彦，刘 露
重庆三峡职业学院，重庆 404155
摘要 以阿维菌素和甲维盐为主药，选用市场上常用农药，开展农药联用室内毒力测定和林间药效试验。结果表明，从各单剂农药有效成分LC50可以看出，甲维盐的有效成分LC50最小，阿维菌素和噻唑磷次之，吡虫啉相对较大，毒死蜱最大，其有效成分LC50分别为0.60、3.20、3.69、19.62和32.41 mg/L。供试的所有联用农药CTC均大于120，表现为增效作用。其中以阿维菌素+毒死蜱、甲维盐+毒死蜱增效最明显，CTC值分别为440.99和451.48。甲维盐+噻唑磷、甲维盐+吡虫啉、阿维菌素+吡虫啉、阿维菌素+噻唑磷的增效作用次之，CTC值分别为248.81、208.10、194.33和174.17。甲维盐+阿维菌素增效作用最小，CTC值为120.37。选用阿维菌素+毒死蜱、甲维盐+毒死蜱做林间药效试验，结果表明2种配方防治效果分别为78.7%、89.4%。
关键词 松材线虫;农药联用;阿维菌素;甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐;毒死蜱;噻唑磷;吡虫啉
中图分类号：S763.18 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-3305（2018）06-001-03
DOI： 10.19383/j.cnki.nyzhyj.2018.06.001
Effects of Different Pesti cide Combinations on Bursaphelenchus xyloph ilus
QIN Gui-yong et al（Chongqing Three Gorges Polytechnic College， Chongqing 404155）
Abstract Abamectin and emamectin benzoate were used as the main drugs， and the commonly used pesticides in the market were selected to carry out laboratory toxicity test and forest efficacy test for pesticide combinations. The results showed that the effective component LC50 of emamectin benzoate was the smallest（0.60 mg/L）， followed by abamectin and fosthiazate， the effective component LC50 of chlorpyrifos was the largest（32.41 mg/L）. CTC of all the tested pesticides was greater than 120， showing synergistic effect. The synergistic effects of abamectin+chlorpyrifos and emamectin benzoate+chlorpyrifos were the most obvious， and the CTC values were 440.99 and 451.48， respectively.The CTC values of emamectin benzoate+fosthiazate， emamectin benzoate+imidacloprid， aba mectin+imidacloprid， and abamectin+ fosthiazate were 248.81， 208.10， 194.33 and 174.17， respectively. The synergistic effect of emamectin benzoate+abam ectin was the least， and the CTC value was 120.37. The abamectin+chlorpyrifos， emamectin benzoate+chlorpyrifos were selected to carry out forest efficacy test. The results showed that the control effects of the two pesticide combinations were 78.7% and 89.4%， respectively.
Key words Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; Pesticide combinations; Abam ectin; Emamectin benzoate; Chlorpyrifos; Fosthiazate; Imidacloprid
松材線虫病是由松材线虫[Bursaphelenchus xylophilus（Steiner & Buhrer） Nickle]侵入松树引起的一种毁灭性病害。三峡库区是我国松材线虫病重点发生区域，2006—2015年，仅重庆市松材线虫病疫点就从24个增加到55个，危害趋势明显[1]。万州区位于重庆东北部，地处三峡库区腹地，也是松材线虫病发生较严重的区域[2]。近年来，关于松材线虫病防治的研究较多，主要包括植物检疫、疫木管控、防治媒介昆虫、生物防治和化学防治等[3]。在化学防治方面，筛选了以阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐等为代表的高效药剂[4-5]。为了提高药效，部分学者在筛选有效药剂的基础上，开展了农药联用试验，取得了一定的成效[6-9]。但是在此类研究中，存在联用农药毒性较高，或药剂成分非常见药剂，或为同类型农药联用等问题。笔者以阿维菌素和甲维盐为主药，选用市场上常用农药，开展农药联用室内毒力测定和林间药效试验，为重庆万州区松材线虫化学防治提供参考。