大型绿色船舶光伏阵列结构与MPPT算法研究

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  摘 要:围绕新能源发电在大型远洋船舶上的大规模接入问题,研究了基于太阳能发电的客货滚装船光伏阵列布局、拓扑结构及最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)模型与算法.结合船舶航行环境与船体结构特点,设计了大规模光伏阵列的船体布局及拓扑结构,建立了以大规模全局优化(LSGO)问题为描述形式的船体区域级MPPT数学模型.此外,提出一种基于环形拓扑的多参考向量协同进化粒子群算法(CCPSO-MR),并成功应用于船用大规模光伏阵列MPPT控制.仿真实验表明,针对LSGO问题的实时求解,CCPSO-MR算法在收敛速度、精度等方面显著优于各主流算法.基于所提阵列结构及MPPT算法,光伏系统能够在客货滚装船上实现大规模接入,并在各类复杂光照航行环境下具有良好的MPPT性能.
  关键词:绿色船舶;光伏阵列;最大功率点跟踪;大规模优化
  中图分类号:U662 文献标志码:A
  Research on Topological Structure and MPPT Algorithm of Photovoltaic Array in Large Green Ship
  TANG Ruoli1, FANG Yanjun2, KONG Zhengmin2
  (1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China;
  2. Department of Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China)
  Abstract:To introduce the new energy power generation into large ocean-going ship, the topological structure as well as the MPPT model and control algorithm of large-scale photovoltaic array in ro-ro ship was studied. By considering the navigation environment and structural features of large ro-ro ship, the topological structure of large-scale photovoltaic array was designed, and its hull-part-level MPPT model described as the LSGO was also built. Additionally, a cooperatively coevolving particle swarm optimization based on multi-context vectors and ring topological structure (CCPSO-MR) was proposed and applied to the MPPT control of the ship"s large-scale photovoltaic array. Simulation results show that the CCPSO-MR performs better than some famous algorithms in convergence speed and accuracy on solving the LSGO problems. With the utilization of the proposed structure and MPPT algorithm, the large-scale photovoltaic system can be introduced into the ocean-going ro-ro ship successfully and works well under complex environmental conditions.
  Key words:green ship; photovoltaic array; maximum power point tracking; large-scale global optimization
  隨着全球能源危机问题的日益突显,各类新能源电力越来越多地被应用于生产生活,并最大限度地取代化石燃料.太阳能作为取之不尽的清洁能源之一,其被人类利用的最主要形式是通过光伏发电技术转化为电能,进而广泛应用于航空航天[1],汽车[2],电力[3]以及船舶[4]等行业.对于装载船用光伏系统的绿色船舶,其燃油消耗能够得到不同程度的降低,甚至一些小型新能源船舶全船动力完全由光伏系统提供,实现零排放.相比于小型内河船舶,大型远洋客货滚装船作为荷载量大、航行时间长的高油耗船舶,光伏系统在其上实现大规模接入无疑对于节能减排工作具有更大的意义.
  本文围绕光伏系统在大型远洋客货滚装船上大规模接入时的系统布局、阵列结构以及MPPT控制问题展开研究,旨在避免远洋船舶长时间航行过程中光照变化对系统造成的出力额外损失及局部热斑,实现船用大规模光伏系统实时、动态的MPPT控制.
  1 船用光伏系统MPPT问题
  大型客货滚装船具有较为开阔的甲板平面,具备光伏系统大规模接入的客观条件.为最大化空间利用率,船体上方分布于各处的向阳平面均能够被用于放置太阳能电池板.光伏系统在应用于建筑物等陆地环境时存在由不均匀光照而导致的“热斑效应”以及MPPT等问题,在应用于船舶环境时这类问题同样存在:一方面,船舶在航行过程中会受到云层及其他障碍物遮阴;另一方面,布置于低层甲板的电池板还可能受到高层甲板、桅杆等来自船舶自身的障碍物遮挡.此外,布置于船体两侧及两侧甲板的太阳能电池板,其光照情况还与航行方向、船舶姿态、光照角度等相关,故而彼此之间也互不相同.远洋船舶在航行过程中可能遇到的船体遮阴情况如图1所示.

推荐访问:阵列 算法 船舶 光伏 结构