宜昌地区柑橘中29种农药残留检测与分析


  摘要 采用气相色谱法对宜昌市夷陵区、宜都市、秭归县、枝江市、兴山县、长阳县的224个柑橘鲜果样品进行29种农药残留情况定量检测和分析。经检测,224个柑橘鲜果样品的29种农药残留检出率为22.3%,其中禁用农药检出率为3.1%,全部为滴滴涕;限用农药检出率为17.4%;允许使用农药检出率为1.3%。所检测的29种农药检出残留量非常低,农残含量均处于国家标准GB 2763—2016安全范围以内,224个柑橘样品全部合格。检测结果表明,宜昌市柑橘质量安全水平总体较高,可放心食用。但也存在一些问题,如滴滴涕的微量残留。
  关键词 柑橘;农药残留;检测;分析;湖北宜昌
  中图分类号 S481+.8 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2018)10-0125-03
  Detection and Analysis of 29 Kinds of Pesticide Residues in Citrus in Yichang Region
  ZHANG Ya-jing 1 WANG Jiao 2 ZHANG Hua-ping 1 ZHANG Ying 1 NIE Wan-lin 1 FEI Ren-lei 1
  (1 Yichang Agricultural Products Safety Supervision and Inspection Station,Yichang Hubei 443005; 2 Yichang Citrus Science Research Institute)
  Absract 224 samples of citrus fruits were collected from Yiling District,Yidu City,Zigui County,Zhijiang City,Xingshan County and Changyang County of Yichang City,29 kinds of pesticide were quantitative detected and analyzed by GC.The results showed that the detection rate of 29 kinds of pesticide residues in 224 citrus fruit samples was 22.3%.Among them,the detection rate of banned pesticides was 3.1%,which was DDT;the detection rate of restricted pesticides was 17.4%;the detection rate of permitted pesticides was 1.3%.The contents of these 29 kinds of pesticide were very low,and all the pesticide residues were below the national standard GB 2763-2016,the qualified rate of all 224 citrus samples was 100%.The results indicated that the overall level of quality and safety of citrus fruits in Yichang City was high,so they could be eaten safely.However,there were also some problems,such as the minimal residual of DDT.
  Key words citrus;pesticide residues;detection;analysis;Yichang Hubei
  作為国家柑橘重点生产基地、三峡库区长江中上游优质柑橘产业带核心区域,宜昌市2016年柑橘种植面积为13.07万hm2,产量323.15万t,创历史新高,产值达98.37亿元[1]。柑橘作为宜昌市特色产业之一,确保柑橘质量安全对保障宜昌柑橘鲜果及加工品国内销售市场、国际贸易出口稳定具有重要意义。为全面了解宜昌地区柑橘中滴滴涕等29种农药残留现状,共在宜昌市柑橘主产区抽样224个,品种包含温州蜜柑、椪柑、脐橙、锦橙、桃叶橙等,并对224个柑橘鲜果样品进行滴滴涕等29种农药残留情况的检测。
  1 材料与方法
  1.1 试验材料
  1.1.1 仪器与试剂。岛津GC-2010Plus气相色谱仪;Organo-mation N-EVAP111氮吹仪;SB25-12D超声波清洗机;T-25型高速匀浆机(IAK);湘仪DD-5M离心机;QL-300氢气发生器;CA-2型静音无油空气泵。
  乙腈(J.T.Baker,色谱纯)、丙酮(西陇化工股份有限公司,色谱纯)、正己烷(天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司,色谱纯);氯化钠(西陇化工股份有限公司,优级纯)140 ℃烘烤4 h;29种农药标准物质(国家标准物质中心)。
  1.1.2 农药标准工作溶液。敌敌畏、甲胺磷、乙酰甲胺磷、甲拌磷、二嗪磷、久效磷、乐果、毒死蜱、甲基对硫磷、倍硫磷、杀螟硫磷、对硫磷、喹硫磷、氧乐果、马拉硫磷、甲基异柳磷、水胺硫磷17种有机磷类农药,使用前稀释成0.1 μg/mL混合标准品溶液。
  六六六、百菌清、三唑酮、滴滴涕、甲氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氟氰戊菊酯、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯、三氯杀螨醇、联苯菊酯12种有机氯类和菊酯类农药,使用前稀释成0.1 μg/mL混合标准品溶液。
  1.1.3 柑橘鲜果样品。柑橘鲜果样品共计224个,其中橙类(包括锦橙、桃叶橙、纽荷尔脐橙、伦晚脐橙)91个样品,宽皮柑橘(包括温州蜜柑、南丰蜜桔、椪柑)133个样品。取样参考《新鲜水果和蔬菜 取样方法》(GB/T 8855—2008)[2],样品处理参考《蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留的测定》(NY/T 761—2008)[3]。

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